Danish Dari German Spanish French Turkish Arabic
Click here to go to start page Click here to go to start page
Search Sort content by country/region Sort content by artist Sort content by subject
News stories world-wide
About music censorship
About Freemuse
Publications
Study room
Articles
Speeches
Radio programmes
Music albums
Books
Films
Freemusepedia
Activities
Links
Press room

ARTICLES
28 October 2005

Myanmar / Burma:
Music under siege

Music has provided a rallying point for the masses during political upheavals in Burma, just as it has elsewhere in South-East Asia. It has served as a potent response to the rapid political and social displacements brought on by neocolonialism, industrialization and dictatorship.

By Aung Zaw



Music has provided a rallying point for the masses during political upheavals in Burma, just as it has elsewhere in South-East Asia. It has served as a potent response to the rapid political and social displacements brought on by neocolonialism, industrialization and dictatorship.
Yet simultaneously, music has been appropriated to serve the Establishment by strengthening national cohesion, promoting entrenched power structures and spreading selected values and information to the multitudes.
Thanks to governments tolerant of criticism and Western musical styles, many musicians now enjoy freedom in their own countries. But musicians in the many Asian countries controlled by dictatorships have been silent for decades. Burma is one such country, where musicians and songwriters face severe censorship.


The text above is the introduction of Chapter 6 in the book 'Shoot the Singer' which tells the in-depth story about music censorship in Burma.

Read / print the chapter:


Shoot the Singer - Chapter 6: BurmaChapter 6 in full (23 pages in A4 PDF format)





Banned in Burma

Burma has a long history of music censorship. After seizing power in 1962, the military quickly moved to ban clubs featuring Western-style music. In the 1970's, the Central Registration Board officially barred:

anything detrimental to the Burmese socialist programme;
anything detrimental to the ideology of the state;
anything detrimental to the socialist economy;
anything which might be harmful to national unity and solidarity;
anything which might be harmful to security, the rule of law, peace and public order;
any incorrect ideas and opinions which do not accord with the times;
any descriptions which, though factually correct, are unsuitable because of the time or the circumstances of their writing;
any obscene (pornographic) writing;
any writing which would encourage crimes and unnatural cruelty and violence;
any non-constructive criticism of the work of government departments;
any libel or slander of any individual.

Read Chapter 6
Chapter 6 in 'Shoot the Singer' focuses on Burma




Imprisoned: Musician Zaw Win Htut




Banned: Sai Htee Saing



Click to read more about Win Maw
Imprisoned: Musician Win Maw







About the book 'Shoot the Singer'

Edited by Freemuse's Executive Director, Marie Korpe, published by Zed Books, London, in May 2004 with a CD included.

The book was published in Finnish in 2005 and in Italian in 2007. Furthermore, editions in Russian and Spanish are to be published in near future.


Freemuse has donated 300 copies of the book to selected libraries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East.

Read more about the book...


Read the book on books.google.com





Order the book
Order the book

Go to top
Related reading

Myanmar/Burma: Freemuse in joint campaign for imprisoned comedian
The Free Zarganar Campaign, which advocates for the release of Burmese comedian Zarganar, urges MEP's to nominate him for the European Parliament's Sakharov Price
25 August 2010
Myanmar/Burma: Music a vehicle for significant dissent
Nine out of 12 songs on Thxa Soe's most recent album were banned by Burma's censorship board. Interview with Thxa Soe in the British newspaper The Guardian
26 April 2010
Myanmar/Burma: Exiled musicians publish album of protest songs
A new album of satire, poetry and music produced by Burmese activists living in exile in India is aired around the world and smuggled into Burma
19 April 2010
Myanmar/Burma: Hip hop musician's third year in prison
Burma's popular hip-hop artist Zayar Thaw serves his third year under detention in a prison at Kawthaung
07 April 2010
Myanmar/Burma: Ban on Western musical instruments
Burma's Ministry of Culture has ordered the country's traditional Saing orchestras not to use Western musical instruments
06 January 2010
Myanmar/Burma: Two musicians arrested, another released after torture
Singer Nyi Paing and songwriter Min Satta have reportedly been arrested by Burmese authorities, while the singer Htoo Htoo Chay has been released after torture
16 November 2009
Myanmar/Burma: Hip-hop artist released from prison
On 6 January 2009, the Burmese military junta authorities released popular hip-hop singer Yan Yan Chan, who was arrested in April 2008
12 January 2009
Myanmar/Burma: Hip-hop performer sentenced to six years in prison
Hip-hop star Zayar Thaw was sentenced to six years imprisonment by a Rangoon court on 20 November 2008 for his involvement in anti-regime protests
21 November 2008
Myanmar/Burma: Musican Win Maw sentenced to six years in prison
Musician Win Maw received a sentence of six years imprisonment by a closed court in Rangoon’s Insein Prison on 11 November 2008, relatives reported
14 November 2008
Myanmar/Burma: Introduction to Burma's dangerous hip-hop scene
An animated video by Scott Bateman and Edith Mirante.
12 August 2008